View 1st Samuel 25 in the note window.
Samuel's death, ver. 1.
The character of Nabal, ver. 2, 3.
David's requests to him, ver. 4 - 9.
His churlish answer, ver. 10 - 13.
David's purpose to destroy him told to Abigail, ver. 13 - 17.
She pacifies David, ver. 18 - 31.
His answer, ver. 32 - 35.
The death of Nabal, ver. 36 - 38.
David marries Abigail and Ahinoam, ver. 39 - 44.
1: Lamented him - Those have hard hearts, that can bury their
faithful ministers with dry eyes, and are not sensible of the loss of
them who have prayed for them, and taught them the way of the Lord.
2: Carmel - In some part of this wilderness Israel wandered,
when they came out of Egypt. The place would bring to mind God's care
concerning them, which David might now improve for his own encouragement.
3: Abigail - That is, the joy of his father: yet he could not
promise himself much joy of her, when he married her to such an husband:
it seems, in inquiring, (no unfrequent thing) more after his wealth, than
after his wisdom. Caleb - This is added to aggravate his crime, that he
was a degenerate branch of that noble stock of Caleb, and consequently
of the tribe of Judah, as David was.
4: Shear sheep - Which times were celebrated with feasting.
6: Prosperity - By this expression David both congratulates
Nabal's felicity, and tacitly minds him of the distress in which he and
his men were.
7: We hurt not - This considering the licentiousness of soldiers, and
the necessities David and his men were exposed to, was no small favour,
which Nabal was bound both in justice, and gratitude, and prudence to
requite.
8: A good day - That is, in a day of feasting and rejoicing; when
men are most chearful and liberal; when thou mayst relieve us out of thy
abundance without damage to thyself; when thou art receiving the mercies
of God, and therefore obliged to pity and relieve distressed and indigent
persons.
17: Can not speak - But he flies into a passion.
18: Abigail took, &c. - This she did without his leave, because it
was a case of apparent necessity, for the preservation of herself, and
husband, and all the family from imminent ruin. And surely, that necessity
which dispenseth with God's positive commands, might dispense with the
husband's right, in this case. Bottles - Casks or rundlets.
22: Enemies of David - That is, unto David himself. But because
it might seem ominous to curse himself, therefore instead of David, he
mentions David's enemies. But is this the voice of David? Can he
speak so unadvisedly with his lips? Has he been so long in the school of
affliction, and learned no more patience therein? Lord, what is man?
And what need have we to pray, lead us not into temptation.
24: And said, &c. - Impute Nabal's sin to me, and if thou
pleasest, punish it in me, who here offer myself as a sacrifice to thy just
indignation. This whole speech of Abigail shews great wisdom, by an
absolute submitting to mercy, without any pretence of justification, of what
was done, (but rather with aggravation of it) she endeavours to work upon
David's generosity, to pardon it. And there is hardly any head of
argument, whence the greatest orator might argue in this case, which she
doth not manage to the best advantage.
25: Nabal is his name - Nabal signifies a fool.
26: As Nabal - Let them be as contemptible as Nabal is, and will
be for this odious action; let them be as unable to do thee any hurt as
he is; let them be forced to yield to thee, and implore thy pardon, as
Nabal now doth by my mouth: let the vengeance thou didst design upon
Nabal and his family fall upon their heads, who, by their inveterate
malice against thee, do more deserve it than this fool for this miscarriage;
and much more than all the rest of our family, who, as they are none of
thine enemies, so they were in way guilty of this wicked action. And
therefore spare these, and execute thy vengeance upon more proper objects.
27: Blessing - So a gift or present is called here, and elsewhere;
not only because the matter of it comes from God's blessing; but also
because it is given with a blessing, or with a good will.
Unto the young men - As being unworthy of thine acceptance or use.
28: The trespass - That is, which I have taken upon myself, and
which, if it be punished, the punishment will reach to me.
Sure house - Will give the kingdom to thee, and to thy house for ever, as
he hath promised thee. And therefore let God's kindness to thee, make thee
gentle and merciful to others; do not sully thy approaching glory with the
stain of innocent blood; but consider, that it is the glory of a king, to
profit by offences: and that it will be thy loss to cut off such as will
shortly be thy subjects. The battles - For the Lord, and for the people
of the Lord against their enemies; especially, the Philistines. And as
this is thy proper work, and therein thou mayest expect God's blessing; so
it is not thy work to draw thy sword in thy own private quarrel against any
of the people of the Lord; and God will not bless thee in it.
Evil hath not, &c. - Though thou hast been charged with many crimes by
Saul and others; yet thy innocency is evident to all men: do not
therefore by this cruel act, justify thine enemies reproaches, or blemish
thy great and just reputation.
29: A man - Saul though no way injured. Thy soul - To take
away thy life. Bundle of life - Or, in the bundle: that is, in the
society, or congregation of the living; out of which, men are taken,
and cut off by death. The phrase is taken from the common usage of men, who
bind those things in bundles, which they are afraid to lose. The meaning
is, God will preserve thy life; and therefore it becomes not thee,
unnecessarily to take away the lives of any; especially of the people of thy
God. With the Lord - That is, in the custody of God, who by his watchful
providence, preserves this bundle, and all that are in it; and thee in a
particular manner, as being thy God in a particular way, and special
covenant. The Jews understand this. not only of the present life,
but of that which is to come, even the happiness of departed souls, and
therefore use it commonly, as an inscription on their grave - stones.
"Here we have laid the body, trusting the soul is bound up in the bundle
of life with the Lord." Sling out - God himself will cut them off
suddenly, violently, and irresistibly; and cast them far away; both from his
presence, and from thy neighbourhood, and from all capacity of doing thee
hurt.
31: No grief - The mind and conscience will be free from all the
torment which such an action would cause in thee. By which, she intimates,
what a blemish this would be to his glory, what a disturbance to his peace,
if he proceeded to execute his purpose: and withal implies, how comfortable
it would be to him to remember, that he had for conscience to God,
restrained his passions. Causeless - Which she signifies would be done
if he should go on. For though Nabal had been guilty of abominable
rudeness, and ingratitude; yet he had done nothing worthy of death, by the
laws of God or of man. And whatsoever he had done, the rest of his family
were innocent. Avenged - Which is directly contrary to God's law,(Le 19:18,De 32:35).
Then - When God shall make thee king, let me find grace in thy sight.
32: The Lord - Who by his gracious providence so disposed matters,
that thou shouldst come to me: He rightly begins at the fountain of his
deliverance; and then proceeds to the instruments.
33: From coming, &c. - Which I had sworn to do. Hereby it plainly
appears, that oaths whereby men bind themselves to any sin, are null and
void: and as it was a sin to make them; so it is adding sin to sin to
perform them.
35: Accepted - That is, shewed my acceptance of thy person, by my
grant of thy request.
36: A feast - As the manner was upon those solemn occasions.
Sordid covetousness, and vain prodigality were met together in him.
Told nothing - As he was then incapable of admonition, his reason and
conscience being both asleep.
37: His heart died - He fainted away through the fear and horror of
so great a mischief though it was past. As one, who having in the night
galloped over a narrow plank, laid upon a broken bridge, over a deep river;
when in the morning he came to review it, was struck dead with the horror of
the danger he had been in.
38: Smote - God either inflicted some other stroke upon him, or
increased his grief and fear to such an height, as killed him.
39: Blessed, &c. - This was another instance of human infirmity in
David. David sent - But this doubtless was not done immediately after
Nabal's death, but some time after it; though such circumstances be
commonly omitted in the sacred history; which gives only the heads, and
most important passages of things.
