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1: I exhort you - St. Paul uses to suit his exhortations to
the doctrines he has been delivering. So here the general use
from the whole is contained in the first and second verses. The
particular uses follow, from the third verse to the end of the
Epistle. By the tender mercies of God - The whole sentiment is
derived from Rom. i. - v. The expression itself is particularly
opposed to "the wrath of God," (Ro 1:18). It has a reference
here to the entire gospel, to the whole economy of grace or
mercy, delivering us from "the wrath of God," and exciting us to
all duty. To present
- So (Ro 6:13,16:19); now actually to exhibit before God.
Your bodies - That is, yourselves; a part is put for the whole;
the rather, as in the ancient sacrifices of beasts, the body was
the whole. These also are particularly named in opposition to
that vile abuse of their bodies mentioned, (Ro 1:24).
Several expressions follow, which have likewise a direct
reference to other expressions in the same chapter.
A sacrifice - Dead to sin and living - By that life which
is mentioned, (Ro 1:17,6:4), &c.
Holy - Such as the holy law requires,(Ro 7:12).
Acceptable -(Ro 8:8).
Which is your reasonable service - The worship of the heathens
was utterly unreasonable, (Ro 1:18), &c; so was the glorying
of the Jews, (Ro 2:3), &c. But a Christian acts in all things
by the highest reason, from the mercy of God inferring his own duty.
2: And be not conformed - Neither in judgment, spirit, nor
behaviour. To this world - Which, neglecting the will of God,
entirely follows its own. That ye may prove - Know by sure trial;
which is easily done by him who has thus presented himself to
God. What is that good, and acceptable, and perfect will of God
- The will of God is here to be understood of all the preceptive
part of Christianity, which is in itself so excellently good,
so acceptable to God, and so perfective of our natures.
3: And I say - He now proceeds to show what that will of
God is. Through the grace which is given to me - He modestly
adds this, lest he should seem to forget his own direction.
To every one that is among you - Believers at Rome. Happy, had
they always remembered this! The measure of faith - Treated of
in the first and following chapters, from which all other gifts
and graces flow.
5: So we - All believers. Are one body - Closely connected together
in Christ, and consequently ought to be helpful to each other.
6: Having then gifts differing according to the grace
which is given us - Gifts are various: grace is one. Whether
it be prophecy - This, considered as an extraordinary gift, is
that whereby heavenly mysteries are declared to men, or things
to come foretold. But it seems here to mean the ordinary gift
of expounding scripture. Let us prophesy according to the
analogy of faith - St. Peter expresses it, "as the oracles of
God;" according to the general tenor of them; according to that
grand scheme of doctrine which is delivered therein, touching
original sin, justification by faith, and present, inward
salvation. There is a wonderful analogy between all these;
and a close and intimate connexion between the chief heads of
that faith "which was once delivered to the saints." Every article
therefore concerning which there is any question should be
determined by this rule; every doubtful scripture interpreted
according to the grand truths which run through the whole.
7: Ministering - As deacons. He that teacheth
- Catechumens; for whom particular instructers were appointed.
He that exhorteth - Whose peculiar business it was to urge
Christians to duty, and to comfort them in trials.
8: He that presideth - That hath the care of a flock.
He that showeth mercy - In any instance. With cheerfulness
- Rejoicing that he hath such an opportunity.
9: Having spoken of faith and its fruit, (Ro 12:3), &c.,
he comes now to love. The ninth, tenth, and eleventh verses
refer to chapter the seventh; the twelfth verse to chapter the
eighth; the thirteenth verse, of communicating to the saints,
whether Jews or gentiles, to chapter the ninth, &c. Part of the
sixteenth verse is repeated from (Ro 11:25).
Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good - Both
inwardly and outwardly, whatever ill - will or danger may follow.
10: In honour preferring one another - Which you will do,
if you habitually consider what is good in others, and what is
evil in yourselves.
11: Whatsoever ye do, do it with your might. In every
business diligently and fervently serving the Lord - Doing
all to God, not to man.
12: Rejoicing in hope - Of perfect holiness and everlasting
happiness. Hitherto of faith and love; now of hope also, see
the fifth and eighth chapters; afterwards of duties toward
others; saints, (Ro 12:1)3 persecutors, (Ro 12:14) friends,
strangers, enemies, (Ro 12:15), &c.
13: Communicate to the necessities of the saints - Relieve
all Christians that are in want. It is remarkable, that the
apostle, treating expressly of the duties flowing from the
communion of saints, yet never says one word about the dead.
Pursue hospitality - Not only embracing those that offer, but
seeking opportunities to exercise it.
14: Curse not - No, not in your heart.
15: Rejoice - The direct opposite to weeping is laughter;
but this does not so well suit a Christian.
16: Mind not high things - Desire not riches, honour,
or the company of the great.
17: Provide - Think beforehand; contrive to give as
little offence as may be to any.
19: Dearly beloved - So he softens the rugged spirit.
Revenge not yourselves, but leave that to God. Perhaps it
might more properly be rendered, leave room for wrath; that
is, the wrath of God, to whom vengeance properly belongs.(De 32:35)
20: Feed him - With your own hand: if it be needful, even put
bread into his mouth. Heap coals of fire upon his head - That
part which is most sensible.
"So artists melt the sullen ore of lead,
By heaping coals of fire upon its head;
In the kind warmth the metal learns to glow,
And pure from dross the silver runs below."
(Pr 25:21), &c.
21: And if you see no present fruit, yet persevere.
Be not overcome with evil - As all are who avenge themselves.
But overcome evil with good. Conquer your enemies by kindness
and patience.
