View Jeremiah 31 in the note window.
The restoration of Israel published, ver. 1 - 14.
Rachel mourning is comforted, ver. 15 - 17.
Ephraim repenting is brought home, ver. 18 - 21.
Christ promised, ver. 22 - 26.
His care over the church, ver. 27 - 30.
His new covenant, ver. 31 - 34.
The stability and enlargement of the church, ver. 35 - 40.
2: To rest - In Canaan.
5: Samaria - Samaria was the metropolis of the ten tribes.
Mountains are convenient for vineyards, being free from shades and
exposed to the sun. Shall plant - God promises them a liberty to plant,
and that they should enjoy their plantations, eating them as common
things, which they could not do 'till the fifth year.
6: Arise - This was fulfilled under the gospel; for both Galilee
and Samaria received the gospel.
9: With weeping - Some think that it had been better translated,
they went weeping; for though the verb be the future tense in
the Hebrew, yet that tense has often the signification of the
preterperfect tense, thus it answereth, (Ps 126:5,6).
He that goeth forth weeping, bearing precious seed, shalt doubtless come
again rejoicing. There is a weeping for joy, as well as for sorrow,
and thus the text corresponds with that, (Zec 12:10).
I will pour upon them the spirit of grace and supplications, and they
shall look upon him whom they have pierced, and mourn.
By rivers - And they shall have no want as they had when they came out
of Egypt, through the wilderness, where they often wanted water.
11: Hath redeemed - God will as certainly do it, as if he had already
done it. In their deliverance as well from Babylon as Egypt, they
were types of the deliverance of God's people, by Christ; as well as in
their entering into Canaan, they were types of the saints, entering into
heaven.
12: And sing - All the phrases in this verse signify one thing,
the happy state of the Jews, after their return from captivity.
The height of Zion means the temple. A watered garden - They shall be
a beautiful, flourishing, and growing people. Soul seems here to be
taken for the whole man. Not sorrow - In that manner they have been.
But under these expressions is also promised the spiritual joy which the
true Israel of God will have under the gospel, and the eternal joy they
shall have in heaven.
15: In Ramah - That is, in Canaan, and particularly in Ramah,
where Nebuzar - adan, (Jer 40:1), disposed of the prisoners he
had taken, setting some at liberty, ordering others to death, and
carrying the rest away to Babylon, which caused a bitter weeping and
lamentation. Rachel - Rachel is here brought in, having been buried
near that place, as if she were risen up from the grave, and lamented
the Jewish nation which came out of her loins (for so Benjamin did,
which was one of the two tribes that made the kingdom of Judah.)
Were not - Because her children either were not absolutely, being slain
by the pestilence, the famine, and the sword of the king of Babylon,
or were no longer her children, being transplanted into Babylon.
And there was a lamentation like this, when Herod caused the infants of
two years old to be slain in Bethlehem, and in the coasts round about
Bethlehem, of which Ramah was one.
18: I have heard - The prophet here shews the change that would be
wrought in the hearts of the Israelites preceding this return from their
captivity. As a bullock - Which ordinarily are very unruly when they are
first put into it.
19: Surely - After God had changed our hearts, we repented.
I smote - After God had instructed us, by his prophets, by our
afflictions, and by his Holy Spirit, we smote upon our thighs in
testimony of our sorrow. The reproach - The just punishment of the
sins which I had long ago committed.
20: For since - From the time I spake against him by my
threatenings, I remember him with the affection and compassion of a father.
21: Set up - Thou shalt return to these cities which thou now
leavest, therefore take good notice of the way, set up marks by which thou
mayest know it again, make thee pillars or some high heaps of stones in
the way, mind well the way that the Assyrians and the Babylonians
carried thee, for thou shalt come back the same way.
22: Backsliding - Running after idols; or seeking help from foreign
nations, instead of applying to God. A woman - This seems to be a
promise of the Jewish church in its time, and of the gospel - church,
prevailing over all its enemies; though, considering the fewness of
the church's members, with the multitude of its enemies, and their
power, it seemed as strange a thing, as for a woman to prevail against
a strong and mighty man.
23: The Lord of hosts - These prophecies of the restoration of the
Jews, are ordinarily prefaced with these two attributes of God, the
one of which asserts his power to do the thing promised; the other his
goodness to his people.
25: For - The words are a promise, that God would give his people
abundance of ease and plenty.
26: Upon this I awaked - Probably this revelation was made to
Jeremiah, in a dream.
27: I will sow - That is, I will exceedingly multiply them, both with
men and with cattle.
31: Behold - And not only with the Jews, but all those who should
be ingrafted into that Olive. It is not called the new covenant,
because it was as to the substance new, for it was made with Abraham,(Ge 17:7),
and with the Jews, (De 26:17,18), but because it was revealed after
a new manner, more fully and particularly, plainly and clearly.
Nor was the ceremonial law any part of it, as it was to the Jews, a
strict observance of that. It was likewise new in regard of the efficacy
of the spirit attending it, in a much fuller and larger manner.
32: Not according - The covenant which God made with the Jews when
they came out of the land of Egypt, was on God's part the law which he
gave them, with the promises annexed; on their part (which made it a
formal covenant) their promise of obedience to it.
33: With - That is, with those who are Jews inwardly.
And write it - The prophet's design is here to express the difference
betwixt the law and the gospel. The first shews duty, the latter
brings the grace of regeneration, by which the heart is changed, and
enabled for duty. All under the time of the law that came to salvation,
were saved by this new covenant; but this was not evidently exhibited;
neither was the regenerating grace of God so common under the time of
the law, as it hath been under the gospel.
34: I will forgive - God makes the root of all this grace to be the
free pardon, and the remission of their sins.
36: Those ordinances - The ordinances of nature, which are God's
establishments for the working of natural causes in their order.
37: I will cast off - That is, I will never cast off all the seed of
Israel.
38: The city - Shall be built round, as largely as ever.
39: The line - That is, it shall be built round about upon its old
foundations.
40: The valley - A valley, so called from the multitude of
Sennacherib's army slain there. Of the ashes - So called from the
ashes of the sacrifices carried thither. Holy - All these places
shall be parts of the holy city, and God's name shall be sanctified,
and he shall be worshipped in them all. For ever - If we interpret
the word for ever of a perpetuity, the church of God must here be
understood, against which the gates of hell shall never prevail.
