View Isaiah 9 in the note window.
Joy in the midst of affliction, ver. 1 - 5.
The birth, person, office, and kingdom of Christ, ver. 6, 7.
Judgments for their pride, ver. 8 - 12.
For their impenitency and hypocrisy, ver. 13 - 21.
1: Nevertheless - The calamity of this land and its inhabitants shall
be great, yet not such as that which was brought upon it by the king of
Assyria, who at first indeed dealt more gently with them, but afterwards
rooted them out. He - God. Zebulun - These parts are particularly
mentioned, because this storm fell most heavily upon them; but under
them the other parts of the land are understood. Afterward - By
Shalmaneser, who took Samaria, and carried Israel into captivity,(2Ki 17:5,6). Of which calamity, though yet to come, he speaks as
if it were past, as the manner of the prophet is. The sea - In that part
of the land which borders upon the sea, the lake Genesareth, upon which
the portions of Zebulun and Naphtali bordered. Galilee - Or,
Galilee of the Gentiles, namely, the upper Galilee, so called
because it bordered upon the Gentiles.
2: The people - Israel and Judah. Darkness - The expression
is general and so may well comprehend both calamity and ignorance,
idolatry and profaneness, in which those parts were eminently involved.
Have seen - Shall see at the coming of the Messiah.
3: Thou hast - Thou hast made good thy promise to Abraham
concerning the multiplication of his seed, by gathering in the
Gentiles to the Jews. Before thee - In thy presence, and in the
place of thy worship.
4: The yoke - His burdensome yoke. The staff - The staff or
staves by which he was forced to carry burdens upon his shoulders.
The rod - Wherewith he beat him. Oppressor - Of all his oppressors,
but especially of sin and the devil. As - When God destroyed the
Midianites in so admirable a manner by three hundred men.
5: Noise - With the triumphant exclamations of the conqueror, and the
bitter lamentations of the conquered, and the different cries of the same
persons, sometimes conquering, and sometimes conquered. Blood - With great
difficulty and slaughter. But - But this victory which God's people shall
have over all their enemies, shall be more terrible to their adversaries,
whom God will utterly consume, as it were by fire.
6: For - Having spoken of the glorious light, and joy, and victory
of God's people, he now proceeds to shew the ground of it. Us - Unto us
Jews, of whom Christ was born, and to whom he was primarily sent.
A child - The Messiah by the consent of interpreters, not only
Christian, but Jewish: for so the ancient Hebrew doctors
understood the place, and particularly the Chaldee paraphrast; although
the latter Jews, out of opposition to Christ, wrest it to Hezekiah.
Which extravagant conceit, as it hath no foundation in this or any other
text of scripture, so it is fully confuted by the following titles, which
are such as cannot without blasphemy and nonsense be ascribed to Hezekiah,
nor indeed to any mere mortal man, as we shall see. Is born - Or, shall
be born, as the prophets generally speak. The government - Of God's
people, to whom he is given. Shoulders - Upon him, or in his hands. He
mentions shoulders, because great burdens are commonly laid upon men's
shoulders. His name - This is not to be taken for a description of his
name, but of his glorious nature and qualities. Wonderful counsellor - And
so Christ is, because he hath been the counsellor of his church in all ages,
and the author and giver of all those excellent counsels delivered not only
by the apostles, but also by the prophets, and hath gathered and enlarged,
and preserved his church, by admirable counsels and methods of his
providence, and, in a word, hath in him all the treasures of wisdom and
knowledge, (Col 2:3).
Mighty God - This title can agree to no man but Christ, who was God as well
as man, to whom the title of God or Jehovah is given, both in the Old
and New Testament. And it is a true observation, that this Hebrew word
El is never used in the singular number, of any creature, but only of the
almighty God. The father - The father of eternity. Who, though as man
he was then unborn, yet was and is from everlasting to everlasting.
7: No end - His peaceable and happy government shall be extended to
all the ends of the earth. The throne - Which was promised to David,
and to his seed for ever. For ever - From the beginning of it to all
eternity. The zeal - This great work shall be brought to pass by almighty
God, out of that fervent affection which he hath to his own glory, to the
honour of his son, and to his people.
8: The Lord - The prophet, having inserted some consolatory passages
for God's faithful people, returns to his former comminution against the
rebellious Israelites. And - Heb. it fell, that is, it shall fall,
in the prophetical style. It shall certainly be accomplished.
9: Know - They shall know whether my word be true or false.
Even - The people of the ten tribes, and particularly Ephraim, the
proudest of them all. Samaria - The strongest place, and the seat
of the king and court.
10: Stones - We have received some damage; but, we doubt not we shall
quickly repair it with advantage.
11: Therefore - To chastise your pride, and defeat your hopes.
Set up - The Assyrians, who, presently after this prophecy, prevailed
against him, (2Ki 16:7).
He mentions Rezin, because he was confederate with Ephraim.
Join - So that they shall invade him from several quarters.
His - Not Rezin's, but Ephraim.
12: Syrians - For though Rezin, king of Syria was destroyed,
yet the body of the nation survived, and submitted themselves to the
king of Assyria, and upon his command invaded Israel afterwards.
Before - Heb. on the east: for Syria stood eastward from Israel.
Behind - On the western side of the land of Israel. Devour - Like
wild beasts.
13: Him - To God.
14: Head - High and low. Branch - The goodly branches of tall
trees, the mighty and noble. Rush - The bulrush, the weakest and
meanest persons. One day - All together, one as well as another.
15: The prophet - Whose destruction he mentions, not as if it were a
punishment to them to be deprived of such persons, but partly to shew the
extent of the calamity, that it should reach all sorts of persons; and
partly to beat down their vain presumptions of peace and prosperity, by
shewing that those false prophets, which had fed their vain hopes, should
perish, and their false prophecies with them. Tail - The basest part of
the whole people.
16: The leaders - Their false prophets. Cause - By false doctrines
and evil counsels and persuasions. Destroyed - Shall certainly perish.
17: No joy - Shall not rejoice over them to do them good.
Fatherless - Who are the special objects of his care and pity, and much
less upon others. Every one - Not precisely; for there were seven thousand
elect persons among them, when they seemed to Elijah to be universally
corrupt, but the body of the people. Hypocrite - For though they professed
to worship God, yet indeed they had forsaken him. Folly - Wickedness.
18: Burneth - Shall burn you, as it follows, shall devour.
Thorns - The low and mean persons; for these are opposed to the thickets
of the forest, in the next clause. Forest - In the wood, where the
trees are tall, and stand thick, having their bows entangled together,
which makes them more ready both to catch and to spread the fire.
Smoak - Sending up smoak like a vast furnace.
21: Manasseh - Though more near and dear to one another than any
other tribe, being both sons of Joseph.
