View 1st Samuel 20 in the note window.
David complains to Jonathan; and desires his help, ver. 1 - 5.
Jonathan promises to give him intelligence, and confirms his
friendship, ver. 9 - 23.
He finds his father implacable, ver. 24 - 34.
He gives David notice of it, in the manner they had agreed on,
ver. 35 - 42.
2: Is it not so - For Jonathan gave credit to his father's oath,(1Sa 19:6).
3: David sware - The matter being of great moment, and Jonathan
doubting the truth of it, he confirms his word with an oath, which follows
in the end of the verse. Only he interposeth a reason why Saul
concealed it from Jonathan.
5: To the third day - That is, unto the next day, but one after the
new moon. His meaning is not, that he would hide himself in any certain
place all the three days, but that he would secure himself either at
Bethlehem with his friends, or in any other place 'till the third day.
6: Asked me - Who being the king's son and deputy, used to give
license to military men to depart for a season upon just occasions.
8: Deal kindly - In giving me timely notice, and a true
account of Saul's disposition and intention towards me.
A covenant of the Lord - That is, a solemn covenant, not lightly
undertaken, but seriously entered into, in the name and fear of God,
and in his presence, calling him to be the witness of our sincerity
therein, and the avenger of perfidiousness in him that breaks it.
Slay me - I am contented thou shouldst kill me. For why - Why shouldst
thou betray me to thy father, by concealing his evil intentions from me?
12: O Lord God - Do thou hear and judge between us. It is an abrupt
speech which is usual in great passions.
14: Kindness as the Lord - That kindness to which thou hast engaged
thyself, in the covenant sworn between thee and me in God's presence.
I die not - That thou do not kill me or mine, as princes of another line
use to kill the nearest relations of the former line, from whom the kingdom
was translated to them.
16: A covenant - The covenant which before was personal, he now
extends to the whole house of David, expecting a reciprocal enlargement
of it on David's side, which doubtless he obtained. Enemies - If
either I or any of my house shall break this covenant, and shall prove
enemies to David or to his house, let the Lord, the witness of this
covenant, severely punish the violators of it.
17: Swear again - Heb. and Jonathan added or proceeded to
make David swear; that is, having himself sworn to David or
adjured David, in the foregoing verse, he here requires David's oath
to him, by way of restipulation or confirmation. Loved him - Because he
had a true friendship for David, he desired that the covenant might be
inviolably observed through all their generations.
19: Was in hand - When this same business which now they
were treating about, was in agitation formerly; namely, to discover
Saul's mind and purpose towards him, (1Sa 19:2,3).
Ezel - By that stone which directs travellers in the way; namely,
in some cave, or convenient place, which was near it.
21: I will send - I will send him out before I shoot, to find out,
and take up the arrows which I shall shoot. And I shall shoot them either
short of him, or beyond him, as I shall see occasion.
23: Between - As a witness and a judge between us and our families
for ever, if on either side this league of friendship be violated.
24: Hid himself - Namely, at the time appointed: for it seems
probable, that he went first to Bethlehem, and thence returned
to the field, when the occasion required.
25: Arose - He rose from his seat where he was sat next the king,
and stood at Abner's coming, to do honour to him, who was his father's
cousin, and the general of the army.
26: Something - Some accident which has rendered him unclean, and so
unfit to partake of this feast, which consisted in part of the remainders
of the peace - offerings, according to the law, (Le 7:20).
Unfit also to come into any company, much more, into the king's company,
lest he should pollute them also.
27: Son of Jesse - So he calls him in scorn, to note the meanness of
his original; and as not deigning to call him by his proper name.
To day - For the uncleanness which came by some chance, usually lasted but
for one day.
30: Thy confusion - Men will conclude that thou hast no royal blood
in thy veins, that canst so tamely give up thy crown to so contemptible a
person.
33: To smite him - Saul seemed to be in great care, that
Jonathan should be established in his kingdom: and now he himself
aims at his life! What fools, what worse than savage beasts does anger
make.
37: To - That is, near the place. For the words following shew, that
he was not yet come thither.
40: Artillery - His bow, and arrows, and quiver.
