he parable of the labourers in the vineyard. (1-16) Jesus
again foretells his sufferings. (17-19) The ambition of James
and John. (20-28) Jesus gives sight to two blind men near
Jericho. (29-34)
Verses 1-16: The direct object of this parable seems to be, to show
that though the Jews were first called into the vineyard, at
length the gospel should be preached to the Gentiles, and they
should be admitted to equal privileges and advantages with the
Jews. The parable may also be applied more generally, and shows,
1. That God is debtor to no man. 2. That many who begin last,
and promise little in religion, sometimes, by the blessing of
God, arrive at a great deal of knowledge, grace, and usefulness.
3. That the recompense of reward will be given to the saints,
but not according to the time of their conversion. It describes
the state of the visible church, and explains the declaration
that the last shall be first, and the first last, in its various
references. Till we are hired into the service of God, we are
standing all the day idle: a sinful state, though a state of
drudgery to Satan, may be called a state of idleness. The
market-place is the world, and from that we are called by the
gospel. Come, come from this market-place. Work for God will not
admit of trifling. A man may go idle to hell, but he that will
go to heaven, must be diligent. The Roman penny was sevenpence
halfpenny in our money, wages then enough for the day's support.
This does not prove that the reward of our obedience to God is
of works, or of debt; when we have done all, we are unprofitable
servants; but it signifies that there is a reward set before us,
yet let none, upon this presumption, put off repentance till
they are old. Some were sent into the vineyard at the eleventh
hour; but nobody had hired them before. The Gentiles came in at
the eleventh hour; the gospel had not been before preached to
them. Those that have had gospel offers made them at the third
or sixth hour, and have refused them, will not have to say at
the eleventh hour, as these had, No man has hired us. Therefore,
not to discourage any, but to awaken all, be it remembered, that
now is the accepted time. The riches of Divine grace are loudly
murmured at, among proud Pharisees and nominal Christians. There
is great proneness in us to think that we have too little, and
others too much of the tokens of God's favour; and that we do
too much, and others too little in the work of God. But if God
gives grace to others, it is kindness to them, and no injustice
to us. Carnal worldlings agree with God for their penny in this
world; and choose their portion in this life. Obedient believers
agree with God for their penny in the other world, and must
remember they have so agreed. Didst not thou agree to take up
with heaven as thy portion, thy all; wilt thou seek for
happiness in the creature? God punishes none more than they
deserve, and recompenses every service done for him; he
therefore does no wrong to any, by showing extraordinary grace
to some. See here the nature of envy. It is an evil eye, which
is displeased at the good of others, and desires their hurt. It
is a grief to ourselves, displeasing to God, and hurtful to our
neighbours: it is a sin that has neither pleasure, profit, nor
honour. Let us forego every proud claim, and seek for salvation
as a free gift. Let us never envy or grudge, but rejoice and
praise God for his mercy to others as well as to ourselves.
Verses 17-19: Christ is more particular here in foretelling his
sufferings than before. And here, as before, he adds the mention
of his resurrection and his glory, to that of his death and
sufferings, to encourage his disciples, and comfort them. A
believing view of our once crucified and now glorified Redeemer,
is good to humble a proud, self-justifying disposition. When we
consider the need of the humiliation and sufferings of the Son
of God, in order to the salvation of perishing sinners, surely
we must be aware of the freeness and richness of Divine grace in
our salvation.
Verses 20-28: The sons of Zebedee abused what Christ said to comfort
the disciples. Some cannot have comforts but they turn them to a
wrong purpose. Pride is a sin that most easily besets us; it is
sinful ambition to outdo others in pomp and grandeur. To put
down the vanity and ambition of their request, Christ leads them
to the thoughts of their sufferings. It is a bitter cup that is
to be drunk of; a cup of trembling, but not the cup of the
wicked. It is but a cup, it is but a draught, bitter perhaps,
but soon emptied; it is a cup in the hand of a Father, (Joh
18:11). Baptism is an ordinance by which we are joined to the
Lord in covenant and communion; and so is suffering for Christ,
(Eze 20:37; Isa 48:10). Baptism is an outward and visible sign
of an inward and spiritual grace; and so is suffering for
Christ, for unto us it is given, (Php 1:29). But they knew not
what Christ's cup was, nor what his baptism. Those are commonly
most confident, who are least acquainted with the cross. Nothing
makes more mischief among brethren, than desire of greatness.
And we never find Christ's disciples quarrelling, but something
of this was at the bottom of it. That man who labours most
diligently, and suffers most patiently, seeking to do good to
his brethren, and to promote the salvation of souls, most
resembles Christ, and will be most honoured by him to all
eternity. Our Lord speaks of his death in the terms applied to
the sacrifices of old. It is a sacrifice for the sins of men,
and is that true and substantial sacrifice, which those of the
law faintly and imperfectly represented. It was a ransom for
many, enough for all, working upon many; and, if for many, then
the poor trembling soul may say, Why not for me?
Verses 29-34: It is good for those under the same trial, or infirmity
of body or mind, to join in prayer to God for relief, that they
may quicken and encourage one another. There is mercy enough in
Christ for all that ask. They were earnest in prayer. They cried
out as men in earnest. Cold desires beg denials. They were
humble in prayer, casting themselves upon, and referring
themselves cheerfully to, the Mediator's mercy. They showed
faith in prayer, by the title they gave to Christ. Surely it was
by the Holy Ghost that they called Jesus, Lord. They persevered
in prayer. When they were in pursuit of such mercy, it was no
time for timidity or hesitation: they cried earnestly. Christ
encouraged them. The wants and burdens of the body we are soon
sensible of, and can readily relate. Oh that we did as feelingly
complain of our spiritual maladies, especially our spiritual
blindness! Many are spiritually blind, yet say they see. Jesus
cured these blind men; and when they had received sight, they
followed him. None follow Christ blindly. He first by his grace
opens men's eyes, and so draws their hearts after him. These
miracles are our call to Jesus; may we hear it, and make it our
daily prayer to grow in grace and in the knowledge of the Lord
and Saviour Jesus Christ.
he parable of the labourers in the vineyard. (1-16) Jesus
again foretells his sufferings. (17-19) The ambition of James
and John. (20-28) Jesus gives sight to two blind men near
Jericho. (29-34)