Pr 10:1-32. Here begins the second part of the book, Pr 10:1-22:16, which, with the third, Pr 22:16-25:28, contains series of proverbs whose sense is complete in one or two verses, and which, having no logical connection, admit of no analysis. The parallelisms of Pr 10:1-15:33 are mostly antithetic; and those of Pr 16:1-22:16, synthetic. The evidences of art in the structure are very clear, and indicate, probably, a purpose of facilitating the labor of memorizing.
1. wise [and] foolish--as they follow or reject the precepts of wisdom. maketh . . . father--or, "gladdens a father." heaviness--or, "grief."
2. Treasures . . . nothing--that is, Ill-gotten gains give no true happiness (compare Pr 4:17 Mt 6:19). righteousness--especially beneficence (Ps 112:9). death--the greatest of all evils. 3. (Compare Ps 37:16-20). The last clause is better: "He will repel the greedy desires of the wicked." 4. slack--literally, "deceitful," failing of its purpose (compare Ho 7:16). maketh rich--(compare Pr 10:22). 5. son--as Pr 1:8,10, and often. sleepeth--in indolence, and not for rest. causeth shame--literally, "is base" (compare Pr 14:35 17:2).
6. Blessings--literally, "Praises." The last clause is better: "The mouth of the wicked covereth (or concealeth) violence (or mischievous devices)" to be executed in due time (Ps 5:9 10:7 Ro 3:14), and hence has no praises (compare Pr 10:11).
7. blessed--literally, "for a blessing," or praise. shall rot--literally, "be worm-eaten," useless and disgusting. 8. wise, &c.--(compare Pr 9:8,9,16), opposed to prating fool--or, "fool of lips of wicked language." fall--headlong, suddenly. 9. perverteth his ways--acts deceitfully. known--discovered and punished. 10. Two vices contrasted; hypocrisy, or insinuating evil against one (Pr 6:13 Ps 35:19), and rashness of speech. In each case, the results are on the evildoers. 11. a well--or, "source" of good to himself and others (Joh 7:37,38). On last clause, see on Pr 10:6. 12. strifes--or, "litigations." covereth--by forgiveness and forbearance.
13. In the lips . . . found--hence, not beaten, as the wicked-speaking fool. void of understanding--(Pr 6:32 7:7).
14. lay up knowledge--that is, as treasures for good use. mouth . . . destruction--or, "as to the mouth," &c., destruction is near; they expose themselves to evil by prating. 15. Both by trusting in "uncertain riches" (1Ti 6:17), or by the evils of poverty (Pr 30:9), men, not fearing God, fall into dangers. 16. The industry of the righteous is alone truly successful, while the earnings of the wicked tempt and lead to sin. 17. keepeth--observes (Pr 3:18 4:22). refuseth--or, "turns from reproof," which might direct him aright. 18. Both vices must one day be known and punished, and hence their folly. 19. Much speech involves risk of sin; hence the wisdom of restraining the tongue (Ps 39:1 Jas 1:26). 20. Right speech is the fruit of a good heart, but the wicked show theirs to be useless. 21. Fools not only fail to benefit others, as do the righteous, but procure their own ruin (compare Pr 10:11,17 Ho 4:6). 22. it maketh, &c.--"it" is emphatic. Riches from God are without the sorrow of ill-gotten wealth (compare Ec 2:21-23 1Ti 6:9,10,17). 23. Sin is the pleasure of the wicked; wisdom that of the good. 24. it--the very thing. The wicked get dreaded evil; the righteous, desired good. 25. (Compare Ps 1:4 37:9,10,36). righteous . . . foundation--well laid and firm (Mt 7:24,25). 26. that is, causes vexation. 27. (Compare Pr 9:11 Ps 55:23). 28. gladness--in confidence of realizing it. expectation . . . perish--in disappointment. 29. The way, &c.--that is, God's providence sustains the righteous and overthrows the wicked (Ho 14:9). 30. (Compare Pr 12:3 Ps 37:9-11 102:28). earth--or, "land of promise." 31. bringeth forth--literally, "germinates" as a plant. froward--(Compare Pr 2:12,14). cut off--as an unproductive plant. 32. know--regard and provide for (Ps 1:6). frowardness--all kinds of deceit and ill-nature. The word is plural.
