1. may be enlightened (Numbers 25:11-13; 2 Corinthians 7:11; 9:2)

2. or ignorant and misdirected (Romans 10:2; Philippians 3:6)

3. As a Christian grace, it must be grounded on right principles and directed to right ends (Galatians 4:18)

4. It is sometimes ascribed to God (2 Kings 19:31; Isaiah 9:7; 37:32; Ezekiel 5:13)