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Caesara Philippi: A city on the northeast of the marshy plain of el-Huleh, 120 miles
north of Jerusalem, and 20 miles north of the Sea of Galilee, at the
"upper source" of the Jordan, and near the base of Mount Hermon. It
is mentioned in
(Matthew 16:13; Mark 8:27) as the northern limit of our Lord's
public ministry. According to some its original name was Baal-Gad
(Joshua 11:17) or Baal-Hermon
(Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 5:23) when it was a Canaanite
sanctuary of Baal. It was afterwards called Panium or Paneas, from a
deep cavern full of water near the town. This name was given to the
cavern by the Greeks of the Macedonian kingdom of Antioch because of
its likeness to the grottos of Greece, which were always associated
with the worship of their god Pan. Its modern name is Banias. Here
Herod built a temple, which he dedicated to Augustus Caesar. This town
was afterwards enlarged and embellished by Herod Philip, the tetrarch
of Trachonitis, of whose territory it formed a part, and was called by
him Caesarea Philippi, partly after his own name, and partly after that
of the emperor Tiberius Caesar. It is thus distinguished from the
Caesarea of Palestine.
