1. The kinnor, the "harp."

2. The nebel, "a skin bottle," rendered "psaltery."

3. The sabbeka, or "sackbut," a lute or lyre.

4. The gittith, occurring in the title of ( (Psalms 8:1; 84:1))

5. Minnim (Psalms 150:4) rendered "stringed instruments;" in

(Psalms 45:8) in the form minni, probably the apocopated (i.e., shortened) plural, rendered, Authorized Version, "whereby," and in the Revised Version "stringed instruments."

6. Machalath, in the titles of (Psalms 53:1; 88:1) supposed to be a kind of lute or guitar. Of wind instruments mention is made of,

1. The 'ugab (Genesis 4:21; Job 21:12; 30:31) probably the so-called Pan's pipes or syrinx.

2. The qeren or "horn" (Joshua 6:5; 1 Chronicles 25:5)

3. The shophar, rendered "trumpet" (Joshua 6:4,6,8) The word means "bright," and may have been so called from the clear, shrill sound it emitted. It was often used (Exodus 19:13; Numbers 10:10)

(Judges 7:16,18; 1 Samuel 13:3)

4. The hatsotserah, or straight trumpet (Psalms 98:6; Numbers 10:1-10) This name is supposed by some to be an onomatopoetic word, intended to imitate the pulse-like sound of the trumpet, like the Latin taratantara. Some have identified it with the modern trombone.

5. The halil, i.e, "bored through," a flute or pipe (1 Samuel 10:5)

(1 Kings 1:40; Isaiah 5:12; Jeremiah 48:36) which is still used in Palestine.

6. The sumponyah, rendered "dulcimer" (Daniel 3:5) probably a sort of bagpipe.

7. The maskrokith'a (Daniel 3:5) rendered "flute," but its precise nature is unknown. Of instruments of percussion mention is made of,

1. The toph, an instrument of the drum kind, rendered "timbrel"

(Exodus 15:20; Job 21:12; Psalms 68:25) also "tabret"

(Genesis 31:27; Isaiah 24:8; 1 Samuel 10:5)

2. The paamon, the "bells" on the robe of the high priest

(Exodus 28:33; 39:25)

3. The tseltselim, "cymbals" (2 Samuel 6:5; Psalms 150:5) which are struck together and produce a loud, clanging sound. Metsilloth, "bells" on horses and camels for ornament, and metsiltayim, "cymbals"

(1 Chronicles 13:8; Ezra 3:10) etc. These words are all derived from the same root, tsalal, meaning "to tinkle."

4. The menaan'im, used only in (2 Samuel 6:5) rendered "cornets" (R.V., "castanets"); in the Vulgate, "sistra," an instrument of agitation.

5. The shalishim, mentioned only in (1 Samuel 18:6) rendered "instruments of music" (marg. of R.V., "triangles or three-stringed instruments"). The words in (Ecclesiastes 2:8) "musical instruments, and that of all sorts," Authorized Version, are in the Revised Version "concubines very many."