Leviticus: The third book of the Pentateuch; so called in the Vulgate, after the
LXX., because it treats chiefly of the Levitical service. In the
first section of the book (1-17) which exhibits the worship itself,
there is,1. A series of laws (1-7)
a. regarding sacrifices, burnt-offerings,
meat-offerings, and thank-offerings (1-3)
b. sin-offerings and trespass-offerings (4, 5)
c. followed by the law of the priestly duties in connection
with the offering of sacrifices (6, 7)
2. An historical section (8-10) giving an account of
a. the consecration of Aaron and his sons (8)
b. Aaron's first offering for himself and the people (9)
c. Nadab and Abihu's presumption in offering "strange fire
before Jehovah," and their punishment (10).
3. Laws concerning purity, and the sacrifices and ordinances for
putting away impurity (11-16). An interesting fact may be noted
here. Canon Tristram, speaking of the remarkable discoveries
regarding the flora and fauna of the Holy Land by the Palestine
Exploration officers, makes the following statement:, "Take
these two catalogues of the clean and unclean animals in the
books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy There are eleven in
Deuteronomy which do not occur in Leviticus, and these are
nearly all animals and birds which are not found in Egypt or the
Holy Land, but which are numerous in the Arabian desert. They
are not named in Leviticus a few weeks after the departure from
Egypt; but after the people were thirty-nine years in the desert
they are named, a strong proof that the list in Deuteronomy was
written at the end of the journey, and the list in Leviticus at
the beginning. It fixes the writing of that catalogue to one
time and period only, viz., that when the children of Israel
were familiar with the fauna and the flora of the desert"
(Palest. Expl. Quart., Jan. 1887)
4. Laws marking the separation between Israel and the heathen
(17-20)
5. Laws about the personal purity of the priests, and their eating
of the holy things (20, 21)
6. Laws about the offerings of Israel, that they were to be without
blemish
(Leviticus 22:17-33)
7. Laws about the due celebration of the great festivals (23, 25)
8. Then follow promises and warnings to the people regarding
obedience to these commandments, closing with a section on vows.
The various ordinances contained in this book were all delivered in
the space of a month (comp.)
(Exodus 40:17; Numbers 1:1) the first month of
the second year after the Exodus. It is the third book of Moses. No
book contains more of the very words of God. He is almost throughout
the whole of it the direct speaker. This book is a prophecy of things
to come, a shadow whereof the substance is Christ and his kingdom. The
principles on which it is to be interpreted are laid down in the
Epistle to the Hebrews. It contains in its complicated ceremonial the
gospel of the grace of God.