The relative position therefore of the Jew (even though he were godly)
before the coming of Christ, and of the believing Jew or Gentile when
Christ had been revealed, is clearly set forth; and in the commencement of chapter 4 the
apostle sums up that which he had said. He compares the
believer before the coming of Christ to a child under age, who has no
direct relation with his father as to his thoughts, but who receives his
father's orders, without his accounting for them to him, as a servant would
receive them. He is under tutors and governors until the time appointed of
the father. Thus the Jews, although they were heirs of the promises, were
not in connection with the Father and His counsels in Jesus, but were in
tutelage to principles that appertained to the system of the present world,
which is but a corrupt and fallen creation. Their walk was ordained of God
in this system, but did not go beyond it. We speak of the system by which
they were guided, whatever divine light they might receive from time to
time to reveal heaven to them, to encourage them in hope, while making the
system under the rule of which they were placed yet darker. Under the law
then, heirs as they were, they were still in bondage. But when the time was
fulfilled and ripe for it, God sent forth His Son-an act flowing from His
sovereign goodness for the accomplishment of His eternal counsels, and for
the manifestation of all His character. It was God who did it. It was He
who acted. The law required man to act, and it manifested man to be just
the contrary of that which he ought to have been according to the law. But
the Son of God comes from God. He requires nothing. He is manifested in the
world in relation with men under the double aspect of a man born of woman,
and a man under law.
If sin and death came in by the woman, Christ came into this world by the
woman also. If through law man is under condemnation, Christ puts Himself
under law also. Under this double aspect He takes the place in which man
was found; He takes it in grace without sin, but with the responsibility
that belonged to it-a responsibility which He alone has met. But still the
object of His mission went much farther than the manifestation in His
Person of man without sin, in the midst of evil, and having the knowledge
of good and evil. He came to redeem those that were under the law, in order
that believers (be they who they may) should receive the adoption. Now that
the Gentile believers had been admitted to share the adoption was proved by
the sending of the Spirit who made them cry, "Abba, Father." For it is
because they are sons, that God sent the Spirit of His Son into their
heart, as well as into that of the Jews without distinction. The Gentile, a
stranger to the house, and the Jew, who under age differed in nothing from
a servant, had each taken the position of a son in direct relation with the
Father-a relation of which the Holy Ghost was the power and the witness-in
consequence of the redemption wrought in their behalf by the Son; the Jew
under the law needing it as much as the Gentile in his sins. But its
efficacy was such that the believer was not a bondman but a son, and if a
son, an heir also of God by Christ. Previously the Gentiles had been in
bondage, not indeed to the law, but to that which, in its nature, was not
God. They knew not God, and were the slaves of everything that boasted of
the name of God, in order to blind the heart of man alienated from Him who
is the true God and from His knowledge.
But what were these Gentiles, become Christians, now doing? They desired to
be again in bondage to these wretched elements, worldly and carnal, to
which they had formerly been in subjection; these things of which the
carnal man could form his religion, without one moral or spiritual thought,
and which placed the glory due to God, in outward observances which an
unbeliever and a heathen ignorant of God could call his religion and glory
in it.
As figures, which God used to bear testimony beforehand to the realities
that are in Christ, they had their true value. God knew how to reconcile
the employment of these figures, which are profitable to faith, with a
religious system that tested man in the flesh, and that served to answer
the question, whether, with every kind of help, man was able to stand
before God and to serve Him. But to go back to these ordinances made for
man in the flesh, now that God hadshewn man's incapability of becoming
righteous before Him-now that the substance of these shadows was come, was
to go back to the position of men in the flesh, and to take that standing
without any command of God that sanctioned it. It was to go back to the
ground of idolatry, that is to say, to a carnal religion, arranged by man
without any authority from God, and which in no way brought man into
connection with Him. For things done in the flesh had certainly not that
effect. "Ye observe days and months and seasons and years." This the
heathen did in their human religion. Judaism was a human religion ordained
of God, but, by going back to it when the ordinance of God was no longer in
force, they did but go back to the paganism out of which they had been
called to have part with Christ in heavenly things.
Nothing can be more striking than this statement of what ritualism is after
the cross. It is simply heathenism, going back to man's religion, when God
is fully revealed: "I fear concerning you," said the apostle, "that I have
laboured in vain." But they reproached the apostle with not being a
faithful Jew according to the law, with freeing himself from its authority.
"Be ye then," says he, "as I am; for I am as ye are" (namely, free from the
law). Ye have done me no wrong in saying so. Would to God ye were as much
so! He then reminds them of his thorn in the flesh. It was some
circumstance adapted to make him contemptible in his ministry. Nevertheless
they had received him as an angel of God, as Jesus Christ. What was become
of that blessedness? Had he become their enemy because he had told them the
truth? Zeal was good; but if it had a right thing for its object, they
should have persevered in their zeal, and not merely have maintained it
while he was with them. These new teachers were very zealous to have the
Galatians for their partisans, and to exclude them from the apostle, that
they might be attached to themselves. He laboured again, as though
travailing in birth, in order that Christ should be formed as if anew in
their hearts-a touching testimony of the strength of his christian love.
This love was divine in its character; it was not weakened by the
disappointment of ingratitude, because its source was outside the
attraction of its objects. Moses said, "Have I conceived all this people,
that I should carry them in my bosom?" Paul is ready to travail in birth
with them a second time.
He does not know what to say. He would like to be present with them, that
he might, on seeing them adapt his words to their condition, for they had
really forsaken christian ground. Would they then, since they desired to be
under the law, hear the law? In it they might see the two systems, in the
type of Hagar and Sarah: that of law, gendering to bondage; and that of
grace, to liberty; not that only, but the positive exclusion of the child
of bondage from the inheritance. The two could not be united; the one shut
out the other. The bond-child was born according to the flesh, the
free-child according to promise. For the law and the covenant of Sinai were
in connection with man in the flesh. The principle of man's relationship
with God, according to the law (if such relations had been possible), was
that of a relationship formed between man in the flesh and the righteous
God. As to man, the law and the ordinances were only bondage. They aimed at
bridling the will without its being changed. It is all-important to
understand, that man under the law is man in the flesh. When born again,
dead and risen again, he is no longer under law, which has only dominion
over man in that he is alive here below. Read "Jerusalem which is above is
our mother"-not "the mother of us all." It is in contrast with Jerusalem on
earth, which in its principle answered to Sinai. And observe that the
apostle is not here speaking of the violation of the law, but of its
principle. The law itself puts man in a state of bondage. It is imposed on
man in the flesh, who is opposed to it. By the very fact that he has
self-will, the law and that will are in conflict. Self-will is not
obedience.
Verse 27 presents some difficulty to many minds, because it is generally
confounded with Hagar and Sarah. But it is a separate consideration,
suggested by the idea of Jerusalem above. The verse is a quotation from
Isaiah 54, which celebrates the joy and glory of the earthly Jerusalem at
the beginning of the millennium. The apostle quotes it to shew that
Jerusalem had more children during the time of her desolation than when she
had a husband. In the millennium Jehovah, the Lord, will be her husband. He
had been so before. At present she is desolate, she bears not. Nevertheless
there are more children than previously when she was married. Such were the
marvellous ways of God. All Christians are reckoned, when earth takes its
course again, as the children of Jerusalem, but of Jerusalem with no
husband and desolate, so that the Galatians were not to own it as if God
did still. Sarah was not without a husband. Here is a different order of
thought. Without a husband and desolate (so that, properly speaking, she
has none) Jerusalem has more children now than in the best days of her
career, when Jehovah was a husband to her. For, as regards the promise, the
gospel came forth from her. The assembly is not of promise. It was a
counsel hid in God, of which the promises had never spoken. Its position is
a yet higher one; but in this place the apostle's instruction does not rise
to that height. But we are also the children of promise, and not of the
flesh. Israel after the flesh had no other pretension than to be the
children of Abraham after the flesh; we are so only by promise. Now the
word of God cast out the child of the bondwoman, born after the flesh, that
he might not be heir with the child of promise. As to us, we are the
children of promise.
